1913: Woodrow Wilson was sworn in as US president.A European war could have been triggered any time after this point. 1912: Anglo-French Naval Agreement, the last of the Entente Cordiale which began in 1904 and included discussions of who controlled Egypt, Morocco, West and Central Africa, Thailand, Madagascar, Vanuatu and parts of Canada.1911–1912: Turkish-Italian War, fought between Italy and the Ottoman Empire, resulting in Italy's capture of Tripolitania Vilayet province.1911: The Second Moroccan (Agadir) Crisis, or Panthersprung in German, in which the presence of French troops in Morocco led Germany to demand territorial compensation: the upshot was Germany was both embarrassed and militant.1909: The Russo-Italian Agreement: Russia now controlled the Bosporus, and Italy retained Tripoli and Cyrenaica.1908: Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, a significant rise in tensions in the Balkans.Many in the country believed they should fight the inevitable war now before Russia became stronger and Britain was moved to act. 1907: The Anglo-Russian Convention, a pact between England and Russia relating to Persia, Afghanistan, Tibet, another pact which encircled Germany.1905–1906: The First Moroccan Crisis, also known as the Tangier crisis, over who controlled Morocco: France or the Sultanate, supported by the Kaiser.1904–1905: The Russo-Japanese War, which Russia lost, an important nail in the coffin of the tsarist regime.This was not a binding agreement to fight together but moved in that direction. 1904: The Entente Cordial, agreed between France and Britain.1902: The Franco-Italian Agreement of 1902 was a secret pact in which France agree to support Italy's claims to Tripoli (modern Libya).1894: The Franco-Russian Alliance encircles Germany, much as Bismarck feared and would have tried to stop if he'd still been in power.Britain and Germany should, perhaps, have been friends, but the race created an air of military conflict, if not an actual desire for military action by both sides. 1889–1913: The Anglo-German Naval Race.Unfortunately, he was basically incompetent. He rejected the legacy of Bismarck and tried to go his own way. 1888: Wilhelm II became Emperor of Germany.1883: The Austro-Romanian Alliance was a secret agreement that Romania would only go to war if the Austro-Hungarian Empire was attacked.Italy would not accept this as binding when the war began. 1882: The Triple Alliance was established between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, forming a central European power bloc.They would fight together in World War I. 1879: The Austro-German Treaty tied the two Germano-centric powers of Austria-Hungary and Germany together as part of Bismarck's desire to avoid war.Bismarck, the architect of the German Empire feared being encircled by France and Russia and tried to prevent this any way he could. 1871: The creation of the German Empire.It also made France bitter and framed their desire for a war in which they could seize 'their' land back. The successful attack on France and its abrupt end caused people to believe that modern war would be short and decisive-and the Germans saw it as evidence that they could win. 1870: The Franco-Prussian War, in which France was beaten and Paris besieged.This would be violated by Germany, as with Belgium. 1867: The 1967 Treaty of London established Luxembourg's neutrality.When World War I began, Britain cited Germany's invasion of Belgium as a reason to go to war, but as historians have pointed out, that this was not a binding reason to fight. 1839: The Guarantee of Belgium Neutrality, part of the First Treaty of London which said that Belgium would remain perpetually neutral in future wars, and the signatory powers were committed to guarding that neutrality.
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